On February 2, 1989, Saab’s first JAS 39 Gripen prototype, 39-1, came in to land at Linköping. Then everything went wrong.
A hard touchdown triggered violent pitch-and-roll oscillations. The left wing struck the ground, sending the prototype into multiple cartwheels while its afterburner was still lit.
Remarkably, test pilot Lars Rådeström survived, suffering only a fractured elbow. The crash was traced to pilot-induced oscillation, gusty winds, and immature fly-by-wire control software. The failure exposed critical weaknesses that Saab would go on to fix as the Gripen’s flight-control system matured.



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